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Runtime: 25 minsJudith Wolfe takes us through a tour of philosophical theology. Philosophical theology employs philosophical methods to analyze religious faith, its nature, claims, and significance. It is used in three main senses: as philosophy of religion (studying questions about religion's rational foundations), as philosophically engaged theology (applying philosophy to theological issues), and as synonymous with systematic theology (contrasted with other theological methods). Historically, philosophical theology has evolved from early Church engagements with classical philosophies, through medieval scholasticism influenced by Aristotle, to Reformation critiques of philosophical constructs. In the 17th and 18th centuries, it faced challenges from rationalism and deism, and in the 19th century, it adapted to views on religion as a natural human condition. The two World Wars led to a reassessment of philosophical and theological optimism, prompting shifts towards rigorous logical analysis and contextual understanding.
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